Tachometer. An instrument indicating instantaneous rotary speed of
a shaft in rpm.
Tangent. A straight line touching a circle at one point and forming
a right angle with the radius connecting this point with the center of the
circle.
Tangential. Having the characteristics of a tangent.
Tangential force. The component of the force applied to the piston
acting at a right angle to the crank arm.
Tappet. The part of the valve-actuating mechanism in contact with
the cam; the cam follower.
Template. A pattern used as a guide for shaping something. In engine-foundation
work a wooden frame used to locate the foundation bolts.
Temperature. The intensity or degree of heat.
Thermal efficiency. The percentage of the total chemical energy in
the fuel consumed that is converted into useful work.
Thermocouple. Two strips or wires of dissimilar metals joined at
one end used to measure temperature differences.
Thermodynamics. The science of changing heat into mechanical work.
Thermostat. A mechanism to convert the expansion of a heated metal
or fluid into movement and having power sufficient to operate small devices,
control electric circuits or small valves, etc. Can be set to operate at
definite temperatures.
Throw of crankshaft. The distance between the center of the crankpins
and the center of the journals of the crankshaft. It is equal to half the
stroke of the engine.
Thrust. An axial force acting on a shaft.
Thumbscrew. A screw or bolt whose head is in the shape of a flattened,
vertical fin, so that the bolt can be turned by the fingers.
Timing. The angle made by the crank with its top or bottom dead-center
position at which some valve opens or closes.
Timing chain. A chain that is used to connect the crankshaft and
camshaft by which the camshaft is made to rotate.
Timing gears. Gears keyed to the crankshaft and camshaft, by which
the camshaft is made to rotate.
Tolerance. An allowable variation in dimensions. For example: a dimension
of 0.753 in. with a tolerance of +0.000 and Ч0.003 indicates that any dimension
from 0.750 to 0.753 in. is acceptable.
Top dead center. The position of the crank when the piston is in
its farthest position from the crankshaft, in its nearest position to the
cylinder head. Abbreviated tdc.
Torque. The effect which rotates or tends to rotate a body. Torque
is the product of force multiplied by the arm, or normal distance from the
center of rotation to the force. Torque is measured in lb.-ft or lb.-in.
Torsion. The deformation of a body caused by a torque or twisting
effort.
Torsional vibration. Oscillatory twisting vibration in a rotating
shaft which tends to make a gear mounted on one end of the shaft whip back
and forth with respect to a gear on the other end.
Trammel. A metal rod having pointed ends, used to mark off a span
equal to its length. Also called a tram.
Transfer pump. A pump employed to force fuel oil from storage to
the engine fuel tank.
Turbulence. A high-velocity swirling of air, fuel vapor, or a mixture
of both within the combustion chamber or cylinder.
Two-stroke engine. An engine operating on a cycle that is completed
in two strokes, or one revolution of the crankshaft.
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