Packing. A material used to seal a joint against leakage.
Packing rings. Rubber rings used to form a watertight joint at the
bottom of the cylinder liner.
Pintle. A small extension of the needle-valve tip projecting through
the discharge nozzle. When the needle lifts, the oil passes through the
opening between the circumference of the orifice and that of the pintle.
Piston. A cylindrical part which reciprocates in the cylinder bore
of an engine and transmits the force of the gas pressure through the connecting
rod to tine crankshaft.
Piston crown. The top of the piston; the piston head.
Piston head. The top of the piston or that part of the piston against
which tire gas pressure acts.
Piston pin. A pin that rests in two bored holes in the piston and
passes through the eye of the connecting rod, to join the two together flexibly.
Piston-pin bearing. The bearing either in the eye of the connecting
rod or in the bored bosses of the piston, in which the piston pin rocks.
Piston-pin boss. That part of the piston on the inside, through which
the hole is nude to take the piston pin.
Piston-pin lock. The device used to hold or lock the piston pin in
the piston.
Piston ring. A split ring placed in a groove of the piston to form
a leakproof joint between the piston and the cylinder wall.
Piston-ring gap. The space between the ends of the piston ring when
it is in the cylinder bore.
Piston-ring land. The part of the piston on the outside surface located
between the piston-ring grooves.
Piston skirt. The part of the piston below the piston-ring grooves.
Piston stroke. The movement of the piston from one end to the other
of the piston travel in the cylinder bore. The piston stroke is equal to
twice the throw of the crankshaft.
Plunger. The long piston of a single-acting pump, such as a fuel-injection
pump.
Poppet valve. A valve opened by the action of a cam and closed by
a spring.
Port. An opening hole, or passage.
Pound per square inch. The unit used to measure the pressure exerted
by one body upon another. It is found by piding the total force, pounds,
acting normally upon a surface by the area of the surface, square inches.
Abbreviated in psi.
Pour point. The lowest temperature at which fuel oil will just flow
under test conditions. It is an indication as to how suitable a fuel is
for cold-weather operation.
Power. Rate at which work is performed.
Power factor. The proportion (expressed as a decimal) which the actual
power an a-c electrical circuit bears to the apparent power indicated by
instruments measuring the electrical pressure (volts) and current (amperes).
Standard abbreviation pf.
Power stroke. The working stroke of a piston.
Precombustion chamber. A chamber in the cylinder head of some engines
into which the fuel is injected, ignited, and partly burned, the rest of
the fuel being thrown out into the main combustion space where combustion
is completed. Sometimes also called antechamber.
Preiqnition. Ignition taking place before the desired time in the
operating cycle in spark-ignition engines. In a diesel engine can occur
only if the fuel-injection timing is deranged.
Pressure. The force due to the action of a gas or liquid in a closed
vessel. Usually measured in pounds per square inch. Small pressures are
measured in inches of a column of mercury or water. Also force applied to
an area.
Psi. Standard abbreviation for pounds per square inch.
Punk. A slow-burning material inserted by means of a steel plug into
the combustion chamber to provide the additional heat necessary to ignite
the first fuel charge in starting some engines, especially in extremely
cold weather.
Push rod. The rod that transmits the action of a cam to the cam-operated
valve
Pyrometer. An instrument for measuring high temperatures, as of the
exhaust gases of a diesel engine.
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